Last updated: 2018-10-08

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Introduction

This page contains some graphs summarizing trends in national insecticide use.

Total Toxic Load over Time (National)

Goal: This graph displays the Total Toxic Load for the Entire State-Crop combination change between 1997 and 2014, sorted by crop. In short, you should be able to see the total toxic load of each crop changing over time.

Expand here to see past versions of unnamed-chunk-4-1.png:
Version Author Date
e7d10a2 ssoba 2018-08-08
acb68e5 ssoba 2018-08-07
8a8f256 ssoba 2018-07-19

Note the different y-axis scales in the above plots.

Trying out a second plot: standardizing the height of each bar, effectively showing which crops account for which proportions of the total contact toxic load for each year.

Expand here to see past versions of unnamed-chunk-5-1.png:
Version Author Date
e7d10a2 ssoba 2018-08-08
acb68e5 ssoba 2018-08-07
3ee9a38 ssoba 2018-08-02
8b09700 ssoba 2018-08-01
4b1a915 ssoba 2018-07-31
ca7e234 ssoba 2018-07-27
9531377 ssoba 2018-07-20
8b46fc8 ssoba 2018-07-19
8a8f256 ssoba 2018-07-19

The plots below display the same information as the one above, just as line graphs facetted by crop instead of a bar graph. These plots allow you to easily compare between different crop groups.

Total Contact Toxic Load

Expand here to see past versions of unnamed-chunk-6-1.png:
Version Author Date
e7d10a2 ssoba 2018-08-08
acb68e5 ssoba 2018-08-07
36cbc40 ssoba 2018-08-06
3ee9a38 ssoba 2018-08-02
8b09700 ssoba 2018-08-01
4b1a915 ssoba 2018-07-31
9531377 ssoba 2018-07-20
672cebf ssoba 2018-07-20
270f0bd ssoba 2018-07-19
8b46fc8 ssoba 2018-07-19
8a8f256 ssoba 2018-07-19

Total Oral Toxic Load

Expand here to see past versions of unnamed-chunk-7-1.png:
Version Author Date
e7d10a2 ssoba 2018-08-08
acb68e5 ssoba 2018-08-07
36cbc40 ssoba 2018-08-06
3ee9a38 ssoba 2018-08-02
8b09700 ssoba 2018-08-01
4b1a915 ssoba 2018-07-31
9531377 ssoba 2018-07-20
270f0bd ssoba 2018-07-19
8b46fc8 ssoba 2018-07-19
8a8f256 ssoba 2018-07-19

A Closer Look at Corn

Let’s just look at corn (accounted for the largest proportion of both contact and oral toxic load)

Expand here to see past versions of unnamed-chunk-9-1.png:
Version Author Date
e7d10a2 ssoba 2018-08-08
acb68e5 ssoba 2018-08-07
36cbc40 ssoba 2018-08-06
3ee9a38 ssoba 2018-08-02
8b09700 ssoba 2018-08-01
4b1a915 ssoba 2018-07-31
ca7e234 ssoba 2018-07-27
9531377 ssoba 2018-07-20
8b46fc8 ssoba 2018-07-19
8a8f256 ssoba 2018-07-19

Toxicity by State

Contact Toxicity by State for 2014

Expand here to see past versions of unnamed-chunk-13-1.png:
Version Author Date
36cbc40 ssoba 2018-08-06
3ee9a38 ssoba 2018-08-02
8b09700 ssoba 2018-08-01
4b1a915 ssoba 2018-07-31
ca7e234 ssoba 2018-07-27
9531377 ssoba 2018-07-20
8b46fc8 ssoba 2018-07-19
8a8f256 ssoba 2018-07-19

NOTE: Keep in mind that the states are all different sizes, so the bars are not fully comparable. However, there are still some interesting patterns to be found (i.e. California)

Wow! California is a high risk place for bees, even when you account for the state’s size (just compare California to another large state like Texas). Why is California’s toxic load so high? Let’s find out more here

Oral Toxicity by State for 2014

Expand here to see past versions of unnamed-chunk-15-1.png:
Version Author Date
e7d10a2 ssoba 2018-08-08
acb68e5 ssoba 2018-08-07

NOTE: Keep in mind that the states are all different sizes, so the bars are not fully comparable.

Interesting! Looks like Iowa and Illinois are tied for highest total oral toxic load, leaving California near the bottom rankings. Let’s find out why here.

Session information

sessionInfo()
R version 3.5.0 (2018-04-23)
Platform: x86_64-apple-darwin15.6.0 (64-bit)
Running under: macOS High Sierra 10.13.6

Matrix products: default
BLAS: /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.5/Resources/lib/libRblas.0.dylib
LAPACK: /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.5/Resources/lib/libRlapack.dylib

locale:
[1] en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8/C/en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8

attached base packages:
[1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base     

other attached packages:
 [1] bindrcpp_0.2.2  gridExtra_2.3   scales_0.5.0    forcats_0.3.0  
 [5] stringr_1.3.1   purrr_0.2.5     tidyr_0.8.1     tibble_1.4.2   
 [9] tidyverse_1.2.1 ggplot2_2.2.1   dplyr_0.7.5     readr_1.1.1    

loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
 [1] tidyselect_0.2.4  reshape2_1.4.3    haven_1.1.1      
 [4] lattice_0.20-35   colorspace_1.3-2  htmltools_0.3.6  
 [7] yaml_2.1.19       utf8_1.1.4        rlang_0.2.1      
[10] R.oo_1.22.0       pillar_1.2.3      foreign_0.8-70   
[13] glue_1.2.0        R.utils_2.6.0     modelr_0.1.2     
[16] readxl_1.1.0      bindr_0.1.1       plyr_1.8.4       
[19] munsell_0.5.0     gtable_0.2.0      workflowr_1.1.1  
[22] cellranger_1.1.0  rvest_0.3.2       R.methodsS3_1.7.1
[25] psych_1.8.4       evaluate_0.10.1   labeling_0.3     
[28] knitr_1.20        parallel_3.5.0    broom_0.4.4      
[31] Rcpp_0.12.17      backports_1.1.2   jsonlite_1.5     
[34] mnormt_1.5-5      hms_0.4.2         digest_0.6.15    
[37] stringi_1.2.3     grid_3.5.0        rprojroot_1.3-2  
[40] cli_1.0.0         tools_3.5.0       magrittr_1.5     
[43] lazyeval_0.2.1    crayon_1.3.4      whisker_0.3-2    
[46] pkgconfig_2.0.1   xml2_1.2.0        lubridate_1.7.4  
[49] rstudioapi_0.7    assertthat_0.2.0  rmarkdown_1.10   
[52] httr_1.3.1        R6_2.2.2          nlme_3.1-137     
[55] git2r_0.22.1      compiler_3.5.0   

This reproducible R Markdown analysis was created with workflowr 1.1.1